Franklin Delano Roosevelt s Accomplishments - 1215 Words

Franklin Delano Roosevelt is usually thought of as one of the United States’ most impactful presidents. Whether Roosevelt s accomplishments were truly great or his effectiveness was just a product of the time-period in which he served as President is still debated. However, one thing that no one can deny is that Roosevelt took a different route to becoming the leader of our nation. Whether he was coping with the death of a loved one or fighting an illness, Roosevelt never strayed from the path that he had to take. Most people remember him for his actions during the Great Depression and World War II, but those periods came after his many struggles through his obstacle filled life before his Presidency. President Roosevelt was born on†¦show more content†¦In April, Roosevelt contracted Scarlet Fever which forced him to leave his studies. Determined to finish his education he returned, and on June 25, 1900, Roosevelt graduated and received the Latin prize. In September, he started to attend Harvard University, where he would stay until 1903. while he was there, he met Eleanor, and was motivated to become president by his cousin Theodore. In 1904, Roosevelt graduated and immediately enrolled at the Columbia University School of Law, and passed the bar three years later, and he became a junior clerk at a law firm in New York City. Their second son, Franklin Delano, Jr., was born only two years later. However, he died the following year which was another significant setback in Roosevelt’s life. On November 8, Roosevelt was nominated for State Senator of New York’s 26th District. Roosevelt was elected to the New York State Senate in 1910. FDR continued furthering his career, even when his family was going through a hectic part of their life. In July of 1912, FDR organized The Empire State Democracy. In August, Roosevelt contracted typhoid fever again. Despite his illness, he was re-elected to the state senate. Without campaigning he managed to return to the senate for another term. In March 1913, Roosevelt was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy, one month later he made a speech that stressed the need for a larger navy,

Fairness And Control Of Ceo Pay - 1781 Words

LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction The first challenge addressed by this dissertation is ‘fairness’, which necessarily involves relativity. Shareholders may consider fairness in terms of company value added but employees may look at pay distribution. CEO’s may compare their compensation with other CEO’s and given recent increases in CEO pay, also over time. The second challenge is to understand the role that control may have in a fair pay system, what mechanisms are available and how likely they are to be effective. A substantial amount of literature was researched, and that chosen for inclusion in this review provides a broad range of views and information relating to these challenges. The themes of this review will therefore be fairness and control of CEO pay. Fairness Ground-breaking research (Hill, A., Mellon, L., Laker, B. and Goddard J., 2016) was conducted on the relationship between head teacher pay and performance in UK state schools and is relevant as its findings are applicable to CEO in general. British schools offer an excellent benchmarking opportunity as they generate standardised information in the same industry and country, therefore avoiding traditional benchmarking challenges. The study identified two particularly interesting styles of heads. ‘Surgeons’ act decisively, improving schools by removing poorly performing staff and students, ‘architects’ are slow-moving, meticulous planners who do things in sequence. In their first year, ‘surgeons’ targetShow MoreRelatedThe Integrative Model Of Human Resource1604 Words   |  7 PagesThe integrative model of human resource SHRM includes elements of both the control-based and the resource-based SHRM. Desired outcome dictates the elements that will b e employed. 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Highly paid CEO s of low wageRead MoreExecutive Compensation and the Dramatic Increase in Corporate Accounting Scandals969 Words   |  4 PagesAccounting Scandals According to one estimate, the total median CEO pay at the nation’s 350 largest publicly-owned firms grew from $2.7 million annually in 1995 to $6.8 million in 2005. The overall increase in CEO pay has outstripped inflation and the growth in non-managerial pay over the same period. Equally important is the trend in the composition of CEO performance-based pay which includes stock and stock option grants. Median pay grew from $1.3 million in 1995 to $4.4 million in 2005 (LabonteRead MoreExecutive Compensation: the Ethical and Impact Challenge1629 Words   |  7 Pagesindustry. A CEO Compensation Survey study carried out by Mercer Human Resource Consulting, in 2006, found out that the median CEO base salary was $995,000 in 2006. Notably, this was only about 15% to 16% of a CEO’s total compensation. It also showed that executive salaries typically rose in both 2005 and 2006 by 7.1% whereas salaries of other employees rose by only 3.6% and 3.7% respectively (Encyclope dia of Management, 2009).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition to a base salary, executives’ receive variable pay, a compensationRead MoreAnalysis Of Mcdonalds Employee Compensation And Benefits Programs1569 Words   |  7 Pagesemployers despite controversies that have lately surrounded it. Furthermore, it is still the world’s second private sector employer worldwide with half of its revenue coming from foreign operations. Determining factors for rate of pay for McDonald’s new employees McDonald’s pay scale for new employees is determined by a couple of factors. They include: job title and description, location of the restaurant, the company’s annual sales, skills and experience of employees and certification. 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However, this is assuming that the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is aware and taking actions to mitigate as much investment risk as possible. As the authors of, Incentive Features in CEO Compensation in the Banking Industry, explain, â€Å"alignment of the incentivesRead MoreSpeedster Athletics Case Study Essay1062 Words   |  5 Pagesawareness and often, and improved customer service. It serves as a fairly inexpensive platform for organizations to implement marketing campaigns as opposed to the traditional marketing paid platforms where traffic is generated by purchasing ads (i.e. pay-per-click) on search engines. Second difference is one on one marketing while traditional media is designed for mass consumption. Social media encompasses one on one marketing emphasizing on personalized interactions with customers to develop greaterRead MoreCorporate Leaders Are Responsible for Organizational Ethics1098 Words   |  4 Pagesenforce these values. Corporate Leaders are responsible for organizational ethics. In Sims Brinkman (2002), according to a report from the Business Roundtable, leadership is crucial to organizational ethics and to achieve these results the CEO and other leaders need to be openly and strongly committed to ethical conduct. They do this by giving constant leadership and renewing the values of the organization. I agree with Warren Buffett’s statement and believe that not a shred of an organization’sRead MoreExecutive Compensation Is A Controversial Issue1379 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to business dictionary (2014), Corporate Governance means â€Å"the framework of rules and practices by which a board of directors ensures accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company s relationship with its all stakeholders (financiers, customers, management, employees, government, and the community)†. Executive compensation contains the salary, bonuses, welfare, allowance and so on. It plays an important role in Corporate Governance. After reading some news about shareholders and

Stefan’s Diaries The Craving Chapter 17 Free Essays

The reception was held in a different grand hall. My brother, Lydia, Bridget, and I formed a receiving line by the entrance to thank and greet our guests. Damon put it on a bit, bowing and pretending to know people he didn’t. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 17 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Compelling them into thinking he was an old friend, no doubt. While Bridget showed off her ring, Lydia gave everyone warm kisses or handshakes or smiles, whatever their relationship dictated. She even laughed when Bram tried to snatch a â€Å"farewell† kiss. Bridget stood by her side, beaming with what looked like genuine joy. â€Å"Thank you for coming today,† I said time and time again, the words tasting like chalk on my tongue. â€Å"We’re so glad you could come celebrate with us. My thanks for being here today. Pleased to meet you, thank you so much for being here.† â€Å"Stefan Salvatore?† demanded a matron in an almost unmoving thick gray silk dress and pearls, holding on to my hand for longer than was strictly necessary. She pronounced the e at the end of my last name and fixed me with an eye as stony as her skirts. â€Å"Yes, ma’am,† I said, giving her as warm a smile as I could. â€Å"Of the Florentine Salvatores? Prince Alessandro?† â€Å"I’m not rightly sure, ma’am,† I answered, trying to keep my smile. â€Å"When my father came to this country he declared himself an American. He didn’t keep up with our old relations.† Her eyes widened and her grip on my hand became loose. â€Å"An immigrant. How charming.† She didn’t smile and pulled her hand out of my grasp, moving on. Several hundred people later we finally got to sit down. The bride and groom’s table was festooned with palm fronds and garlands of huge flowers, and was covered with every expensive delicacy you could want to eat – or show off that you could afford. There was a seafood appetizer of oysters and other delicacies including Scottish smoked salmon and Russian caviar. Then came a main course that consisted of an absolutely staggering number of dead animals: roast beef, quail, venison, pheasant, woodcock, duck, lamb, roast pork, hot and cold, braised and grilled, minced and sauteed, sliced and in pies. It was all crowned off by a wedding cake, five tiers of the finest fruitcake covered in fondant and decorated with scrolls, swoops, columns, and sugar birds. The black-jacketed waiters poured glass after glass of champagne, and everyone chatted gaily. But my muscles were tied in knots. The â€Å"wedding† was officially over. Damon and I were legally married into the Sutherland family. It was only a matter of time before he began the next phase of his plan – whatever that ended up being. â€Å"Darling, get me a glass of water, would you?† Lydia was asking my brother, touching him tenderly on the cheek. â€Å"In some ceremonies, it’s the lady’s place to love, honor, and obey. Shouldn’t you be getting one for me, little wife?† he smiled, but in a way I didn’t like. â€Å"Of course! Anything for you, dear,† Lydia said. â€Å"Water, wine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Blood?† Damon prompted. Lydia laughed. â€Å"If you wish, it’s my command.† Bridget didn’t eat any of the expensive repast, leaping up from the table constantly to talk to her friends, holding out her hand and showing off her ring. I spent most of dinner nervously pushing very expensive food around a very expensive plate with a very expensive, very heavy silver fork, never taking my eyes off Damon. As dessert came out, Bram took pity on me and sat down in Bridget’s place for a moment. â€Å"Congrats, old chap,† he said, shaking my hand. â€Å"You and Damon snagged two of the best New York has to offer.† I nodded miserably. â€Å"Mr. and Mrs. Sutherland are just terrific. And Margaret†¦ well, she’s a spitfire, but I trust you’ll be able to win her over eventually.† My head snapped up. â€Å"Have you noticed anything, er, odd about Margaret?† Bram had known the Sutherlands since he was born. Perhaps he had some insight into what made Margaret able to withstand Damon’s charms. Bram scratched his floppy black curls. â€Å"Odd?† â€Å"Yes, she’s different from the others. Stronger,† I said leadingly. Bram let out a rueful laugh. â€Å"That’s for sure. One time when we were younger, I stole her favorite doll to use it as a nurse in a war game with my brother. I swear, the look she gave me! She didn’t even have to touch me to send a painful shock through my entire body. Needless to say, I never played with her toys again.† â€Å"She was able to hurt you without touching you?† I pressed, trying to put the pieces together. But just then, Winfield tapped me on the shoulder and nodded toward a back room. Damon came with us, a mock-serious look on his face. As we quietly filed past the guests and down a side corridor, I strained to look out the windows. Through trees and towers I could see the mighty Hudson and the Palisades, a golden sun shining down on the sparkling river, the green forests, boats and barges parading slowly up and down the water. I almost did feel like a king surveying his countryside, since marrying into this family set me into the top of New York’s highest society. We entered a dark-paneled smoking room, and Winfield immediately set about pouring some ruby-red sherry. Damon pulled out a silver flask and right there in front of Winfield spiked his drink with blood. Human blood. â€Å"To marriage eternal,† Damon said, raising his glass. Winfield agreed energetically. â€Å"To marriage.† I just nodded and tossed back the drink, hoping the cool liquid would sate my thirst. â€Å"There’s a serious matter I need to talk to you lads about.† Winfield settled his frame into a large desk chair. Damon leaned forward expectantly. I tensed in my seat, ready for whatever would come next. â€Å"The matter of a dowry.† I squeezed my hands together. Damon grinned, exposing his gleaming canines. He threw himself on to a velvet couch. â€Å"Just what I was going to ask you about, Father. You don’t mind me calling you that, do you?† â€Å"Not at all, my boy,† Winfield said, offering Damon a cigar. My brother took it, carefully trimming and lighting the end in a matter so professional I wondered where he picked up the habit. The two sat puffing for a moment, releasing large clouds of smoke into the tiny room. I coughed. Damon, enjoying my discomfort, took the effort to blow a smoke ring my way. â€Å"Now here’s the thing. I want you two boys to be able to stand on your own two feet. My girls deserve real men, and if anything should happen to me, I want to make sure they’re taken care of.† â€Å"Of course,† Damon said, out the corner of his mouth, around the cigar. â€Å"I have several mines in Virginia; one is gold. They could use some managing. And then there are the railway shares I’ve bought into†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My brother widened his eyes. I looked away, unable to bear watching him compel this poor man. â€Å"I would prefer cash,† he said. â€Å"All right, that seems reasonable,† Winfield said without pause or even blinking. â€Å"An annuity, then? A living salary?† â€Å"Up front. All of it,† Damon said pleasantly. â€Å"One twentieth of my estate, capital, and holdings, then?† Winfield asked politely. â€Å"More like a quarter.† An automaton, Winfield mindlessly agreed to everything Damon suggested. But I couldn’t figure it out – would this keep Winfield safe? Would Damon just keep him around, ordering whatever he pleased out of him? â€Å"I’m glad you’re so concerned about taking care of my girls in the manner to which they have been accustomed,† Winfield said, but his voice sounded hollow, as if somewhere some tiny part of his mind knew something was terribly wrong. The poor man drew out some checks and a pen. In a moment it was done, and Winfield presented me with a check with so many zeroes on it, it was barely readable. Damon bared his teeth in something that was less a grin than a rictus of victory. He stood up, holding his glass of blood-laced sherry next to me. The smell was intoxicating. It took every ounce of my strength not to leap up and drain the cup. And then Winfield said the most amazing, banal thing in the world. â€Å"Those checks will take a while to clear,† he apologized, unaware of how those eight words might have just saved his life. Damon glowered, thunderheads in his eyes. It was a look of angry frustration that was famous in Mystic Falls, and something no one wanted to be responsible for causing. It was a dangerous thing to disappoint my brother. He crumpled the check in his hands. â€Å"You didn’t mention that before,† he growled, waving the sherry under my nose. I stiffened, my thirst making my fangs burn. â€Å"I’m going to have to sell a great deal of my estate, capital, and holdings to get the cash to back this,† Winfield answered so plaintively it made me sick. â€Å"So do it!† Damon ordered. But I was no longer paying attention. I had to get out of the room. My Power reacted to my hunger – to my anger – and I felt the beginnings of a change. â€Å"I have to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I didn’t even bother making up an excuse. I pushed my way out of the room, past my evil brother and our sad father-in-law, out of the castle, and into the black night where I belonged. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 17, Essay examples

Cell Structure and Functions

Question: Describe about the Cell structure and function? Answer: Definition: Lysosomes are tiny vesicles filled with hydrolytic enzymes (proteins which are catalyst for thousands of metabolic reactions that are required for life) which are required by cells to metabolize its nutrients and for removing dead cells from body by destroying them. They are the main site for digestion or breakdown of structures inside the cells [1]. Proteasome on the other hand works by the process of proteolysis (chemical reaction which cleaved peptide bonds) where its main function is to destroy damaged or unwanted proteins. Enzymes involved in process of proteolysis are known as proteases. Cells require proteasomes majorly to regulate and maintain concentration of properly folded proteins and remove those that are in excess or are misfolded [2]. Location: Lysosomes are membrane bound cell organelle found mostly in all animal cells except red blood cells but are rarely found in plant cells, whereas proteasomes are present in all eukaryotes (inside nucleus and in cytoplasm), archaea and in some bacteria as well [3, 4]. Comparison of Functions of lysosomes and proteasomes When food particle is taken up or absorbed by cells, lysosomes release enzymes in order to break those molecules (sugar or protein) into usable form of energy for cells to survive. Lysosomes carry the process of digestion/breakdown of macromolecules like carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids as they have acidic pH [3], whereas proteasomes only remove misfolded/abnormal proteins formed in cells [4]. Secondly lysosomes repair the membrane of cells, on the other hand, proteasome are responsible for differentiation of cells (work by degrading metabolic enzymes and transcription factors) and also for cell cycle regulation and cellular differentiation. Preotasomes are also helpful for cells to respond to stress, where the ubiquitin conjugated regulatory proteins are degraded. Whenever any pathogen enters human body, macrophages engulfs the pathogen and the vesicle containing pathogen is pinched off the macrophage, further this vesicle fuses with the lysosomal membrane and lysos omes respond to foreign pathogens like viruses, bacteria and some antigens which enter in cells, by digesting them using digestive/hydrolytic enzymes but proteasomes play essential role in immune system as they generate antigenic peptides which are further presented by the major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) molecules to T cells and these T cells then clear off the pathogen and activate B cell to develop memory against those pathogens and thus the antigens are then cleared from the body [3,4]. Comparison of protein components of Lysosomes and Proteasomes Lysosomes are made up of proteins which are basically enzymes present on the lysosomal membrane consisting of lipids. Integral membrane proteins which are specific to lysosomes are called as Lysosome Associated Membrane glycoproteins (LAMPs) for which no such clear function is found. Considering their structure, these proteins have two internal lysosome-luminal domains that are homologous and are separated by hinge region that is rich in proline content. The proteins have transmembrane region at their C-terminal extremity which is followed by a short cytoplasmic tail [5]. As compared to lysosomes which have enzyme (protein) and an outer membrane, proteasomes subcomponents are denoted by their Svedberg sedimentation coefficient (S). In mammals, most exclusively used proteasome is 26S proteasome (~2000 kDa) which has single 20S subunit and two 19S subunits, acting as regulatory caps. The core of this proteasome is hollow which acts as an enclosed cavity where proteins are degraded. 19S subunits at each end of the core particle has many Ubiquitin binding and ATPase active sites. This portion identifies polyubiquitinylated proteins and sends them to catalytic core. An 11S particle can link with core particle in a similar way as of 19S and contribute in clearance of any foreign peptides. Image courtesy :- McNaught, K. S. P., Olanow, C. W., Halliwell, B., Isacson, O., Jenner, P. (2001). Failure of the ubiquitinproteasome system in Parkinson's disease.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,2(8), 589-594. In eukaryotes, 19S has 19 different proteins which are divided in two sub-assemblies, a 10-subunit lid and a 9-subunit base (of which 6 are ATPase subunits) which directly binds to 20S core particle at the -ring. This attachment of 19S and 20S units needs binding of ATP to ATPase subunit of 19S. In order to degrade ubiquitinylated and folded proteins using assembled complex, ATP hydrolysis is required in only one step and rest steps can work by just presence of bound ATP [6]. Thus we can conclude by saying that lysosomes are, protein (enzyme) containing vesicles which degrade pathogens or food particle to get rid of infection or release energy respectively and proteasomes on the other hand are responsible for removing improperly folded or ubiquitinylated proteins formed in our body failing which the bodys regular functions may be altered in a negative manner. References: 1. Aronson, N. N., de Duve, C. (1968). Digestive activity of lysosomes II. The digestion of macromolecular carbohydrates by extracts of rat liver lysosomes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 243(17), 4564-4573. 2. Ding, W. X., Yin, X. M. (2008). Sorting, recognition and activation of the misfolded protein degradation pathways through macroautophagy and the proteasome. Autophagy, 4(2), 141-150. 3.https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/cell-structure-4/the-endomembrane-system-and-proteins-61/lysosomes-321-11457/ 4. Peters, J. M., Franke, W. W., Kleinschmidt, J. A. (1994). Distinct 19 S and 20 S subcomplexes of the 26 S proteasome and their distribution in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269(10), 7709-7718. 5. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR002000 6. Wang, J., Maldonado, M. A. (2006). The ubiquitin-proteasome system and its role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Cell Mol Immunol, 3(4), 255-261.